Brain Tumours

Brain tumours can develop in the tissues within the skull or spinal column of the central nervous system. Tumours that originate in the brain (primary brain tumours) may be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Tumours that begin elsewhere in the body and spread to the brain are known as metastatic brain tumours.

Symptoms

A tumour can damage or disrupt normal cell function. It may place pressure on sensitive tissues and obstruct the flow of blood and other fluids, causing pain and inflammation. A tumour can also interfere with normal nerve signalling to and from the brain.

Symptoms may include:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Headaches
• Abnormal eye movements
• Blurred vision
• Seizures
• Changes in behaviour, personality, balance, and coordination

Diagnosis and Treatment Options

Diagnosis is based on:

• Medical history
• Symptoms
• CT, MRI, and PET scans
• Surgical biopsy
• Physical and neurological examination

Treatment:

In many cases, benign tumours can be removed surgically and rarely grow back or spread to other parts of the body. However, even benign tumours can place pressure on sensitive areas of the brain and cause serious health problems. In some cases, they may be life-threatening or undergo malignant transformation.

Treatment options for children may include regular monitoring of the tumour with MRI scans, surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these treatments. Children who are not suitable candidates for surgery may receive radiation therapy or medications such as steroids to reduce tumour-related swelling.

Surgical techniques have advanced significantly in recent decades. We utilise minimally invasive approaches and microneurosurgery to achieve optimal outcomes. Advanced technology, including operating microscopes, fluorescence imaging, neuroendoscopic equipment, and neuronavigation systems for enhanced surgical precision, is routinely used.

Recovery

Recovery varies depending on the tumour location, treatment received, and the individual patient. Recovery may include:

• Temporary confusion or neurological deficits
• Rehabilitation
• Radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy
• Follow-up MRI scans
• Possible additional surgery
• Physiotherapy
• Occupational therapy
• Psychological support, as needed, to help patients and families cope with the impact of a brain tumour
• Pain medication as required
• Support groups for children and families
• Speech therapy