Nerve Tumours / Schwannoma
A schwannoma is an abnormal growth of Schwann cells, which form the protective covering that surrounds and insulates nerves. Schwannomas are usually benign (non-cancerous) and rarely spread to other tissues or organs. In rare cases, malignant tumours can develop from the nerve sheath. These are known as malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours (MPNSTs) or neurofibrosarcomas.
Schwannomas and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours can occur anywhere in the body but most commonly affect the network of nerves in the lower back, arms, legs, and the nerves responsible for hearing and balance.
Symptoms
Schwannomas affect the tissues surrounding a nerve and may cause symptoms such as:
- Swelling on the face, with or without pain
- Ringing in the ears (tinnitus)
- Hearing loss
- Loss of balance and coordination
- Pain, tenderness, or lumps in the arms or legs
- Numbness, tingling, or weakness, depending on the nerve involved
Diagnosis and Treatment Options
To diagnose a schwannoma, Dr Tollesson will review your medical history, assess your signs and symptoms, and perform a physical and neurological examination. This may include testing muscle strength, sensation, coordination, and reflexes.
Diagnostic imaging studies may be recommended to assess the location and extent of the tumour. In some cases, a biopsy may be required to obtain a tissue sample for laboratory analysis and confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment depends on the type, size, location, and behaviour of the tumour. Benign schwannomas may be monitored or surgically removed if they are causing symptoms or affecting nerve function.
Treatment for malignant tumours may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these treatments to remove or destroy cancer cells and reduce the risk of recurrence.
