Epilepsy
Epilepsy is a neurological condition that commonly begins in childhood, although it can develop at any age. It is caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain and can result in seizures, episodes of altered awareness, confusion, staring spells, involuntary movements, and, in some cases, loss of consciousness.
Symptoms
The symptoms of epilepsy vary depending on the type of seizure experienced.
Seizures may be generalised, involving both sides of the brain, or focal (partial), involving a specific area of the brain.
Generalised seizures may cause:
- Staring spells
- Sudden falls
- Loss of consciousness
- Jerking or shaking movements
- Muscle stiffness (rigidity)
- Sudden loss of muscle tone
Focal (partial) seizures may cause:
- Changes in emotions or behaviour
- Altered sensations, including hearing, vision, smell, taste, or touch
- Involuntary chewing or lip-smacking movements
- Repetitive movements or behaviours
- Altered awareness or responsiveness
Diagnosis and Treatment Options
To diagnose epilepsy, Dr Tollesson will review your medical history, assess your signs and symptoms, and perform a physical and neurological examination.
Blood tests may be performed to identify potential underlying causes or contributing factors. An electroencephalogram (EEG) is commonly used to record and analyse the electrical activity of the brain and help identify abnormal patterns associated with epilepsy.
Additional diagnostic investigations, such as computed tomography (CT) scans or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, may be recommended to identify or rule out structural abnormalities, tumours, or other conditions that may be contributing to seizures.
Treatment depends on the type and cause of epilepsy and may include anti-seizure medications, lifestyle modifications, and, in selected cases, surgical treatment.
