Pituitary Tumours
Pituitary tumours occur in the pituitary gland, a small gland located at the base of the brain.
Symptoms
Because the pituitary gland helps regulate many of the body’s functions and hormone levels, a tumour can disrupt normal function and alter hormone production. Pressure on the optic nerves can also lead to visual disturbances. Symptoms vary but may include:
- Headaches and light-headedness
- Fatigue
- Vision problems
- Loss of libido
- Erectile dysfunction in men
- Menstrual irregularities in women
- Cognitive difficulties, including problems with thinking and concentration
- Nausea and vomiting
Diagnosis and Treatment Options
Pituitary tumours are often discovered when patients present to their GP with some or all of the above symptoms. GPs may order diagnostic tests such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. In other cases, patients may be referred immediately to the emergency department of their local hospital or directly to a neurosurgeon for urgent assessment. Management often involves collaboration with an endocrinologist, ophthalmologist, radiologist, pathologist, and, in some cases, an ENT surgeon.
Medications such as dexamethasone may be prescribed to reduce swelling associated with some brain tumours. Surgery typically involves removing the tumour using an endoscope through the nasal cavity and sinus passages. In some cases, the tumour may need to be removed through an opening in the skull.
Occasionally, the entire pituitary gland must be removed. In these circumstances, or when the tumour has impaired normal hormone function, hormone replacement therapy may be required.
Recovery
Recovery varies from patient to patient depending on the type, size, and location of the tumour.
Dr Tollesson works in conjunction with a multidisciplinary team of specialists, including endocrinologists, ENT surgeons, radiologists, oncologists, pathologists, ophthalmologists, speech pathologists, rehabilitation consultants, physiotherapists, and occupational therapists, to provide the most appropriate care throughout your pre- and post-operative recovery.
