Hydrocephalus and Shunt Surgery
Hydrocephalus is a build-up of fluid within the brain. The increased pressure caused by this excess fluid can damage brain tissue and affect normal brain function. Babies with hydrocephalus are often born with the condition; however, older children may develop hydrocephalus as a result of a brain tumour, spinal cord injury, head injury, meningitis, or other neurological conditions.
Symptoms
Babies with hydrocephalus may have an unusually large head. Other symptoms can include severe vomiting, difficulty holding up the head, seizures, and excessive drowsiness.
Older children may experience:
- Severe headaches
- Vision problems
- Difficulties with balance and coordination
- Problems with bladder control
- Fatigue
- Personality or behavioural changes
Diagnosis and Treatment Options
Diagnosis may involve:
- Prenatal ultrasound to detect hydrocephalus in a foetus
- Review of family and medical history
- Physical and neurological examination
- Diagnostic imaging, such as X-rays, computed tomography (CT) scans, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans
- Intracranial pressure monitoring to assess pressure within the skull
Treatment depends on the cause and severity of the condition. In many cases, a shunt may be required. A shunt is a small tube that helps drain excess cerebrospinal fluid from the brain to another part of the body, where it can be safely absorbed.
Recovery and Long-Term Care
Hydrocephalus is typically a lifelong condition that requires ongoing monitoring and follow-up care. Regular medical reviews are important to ensure that the condition remains well managed and that any issues with a shunt are identified promptly.
Support organisations, such as Spina Bifida and Hydrocephalus Queensland, can provide valuable education, resources, and support for children and families living with hydrocephalus.
