Hydrocephalus and Shunt Surgery
Hydrocephalus is a build-up of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the brain. It can occur when the normal flow or absorption of cerebrospinal fluid is disrupted by conditions such as cysts, tumours, inflammation, infection, or bleeding. The resulting increase in pressure can damage brain tissue and affect neurological function.
Symptoms
In adults, hydrocephalus can cause some or all of the following symptoms:
- Headaches and nausea
- Visual disturbances or problems with sight
- Weakness in the legs and impaired motor control
- Seizures
- Dizziness
- Memory problems or forgetfulness
- Speech difficulties
- Bladder control problems
Diagnosis and Treatment Options
To diagnose hydrocephalus, Dr Tollesson will review your medical history, assess your symptoms, and perform a physical and neurological examination. Diagnostic imaging studies, including computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, are commonly used to confirm the diagnosis and determine the underlying cause. In some cases, intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring may be required overnight to assess cerebrospinal fluid pressure.
A ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt may be recommended to divert excess cerebrospinal fluid away from the brain and reduce intracranial pressure. The procedure is performed under general anaesthesia. A small incision is made behind the ear, and a small opening is created in the skull. A catheter is then inserted into the fluid-filled spaces of the brain and connected to a valve and tubing system that drains excess fluid into the abdomen, where it is safely absorbed by the body.
Recovery
Recovery from hydrocephalus varies from patient to patient and depends on the underlying cause, severity of symptoms, and treatment performed. Hydrocephalus is often a long-term condition that requires ongoing monitoring and regular follow-up consultations to ensure the shunt continues to function effectively and to identify any potential complications.
